An unknown Goddess
Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses, often three storeys high, were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the 15th century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of 15 statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.
The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the 15th century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the 5th century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
单词
archaeologist archeologist（美） 考古学家
archaeology archeology 考古学
arch(a) = ancient
archaic words 古代文字
archaic civilizations 古代文明
(o)logy = to study, -ist 干什么的人
biology 生物学 biologist 生物学家
geology 地质学 geologist 地质学家
psychology 心理学 psychologist 心理学家
physiology 生理学 physiologist 生理学家
prosperous a. （经济）繁荣的
a prosperous country / businessman
prosperity (n.) economic prosperity
We’ll keep the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong at any cost.
One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.
繁荣
-
prosper
A company can’t prosper without investment.
-
thrive / flourish 本义为植物枝繁叶茂
A company can’t thrive / flourish without investment.
plants that thrive / flourish in tropical rainforests
a thriving / flourishing tourist industry. 繁荣的旅游业
storey / story n. 楼层
storey 是英式写法，复数为 storeys. story 是美式写法，复数 stories.
这个词强调建筑一共有多少层.
a two-story house. 两层的房子
The house is two stories high.
a multi-story parking lot
floor 楼层
| 英式 | 美式 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| attic | attic | 阁楼 |
| the top floor | the top floor | 顶层 |
| … | … | … |
| the first floor | the second floor | 二层 |
| the ground floor | the first floor | 一层 |
| basement | basement | 地下室 |
sacred a. 宗教的; 神圣的
a sacred holiday
sacred music
Mecca is a sacred place.
holy
HOLY BIBLE 圣经
holy water
a holy war
blessed （动词+ed 时, ed 不发音）
The Blessed Virgin Mary
It’s more blessed to give than to receive.
divine a. 神的，神性的 n. 神，牧师（等） v. 推测
To err is human, to forgive divine.
classical a. 古代（希腊，罗马）文化的
classical studies
classical music
classic 经典的， a classic novel
对比：
| -ic | -ical | |
|---|---|---|
| electric 电动的 |
an electric light/razor | electrical |
| historic | a historic moment 历史时刻 |
historical |
| economic | economic policy | economical |
| politic | a politic decision | political |
注意 politic /pɒlɪtɪk/ 和 political /pəlɪtɪkə/ 重音的区别。
rest v. 倚放，放置
Her elbows rested on the table.
She rested her head against a cushion.
rest on / upon
Columbus’ decision to sail west rests on his belief that the world is round.
be based / founded on / upon
depend on / upon
rely on / upon
Don’t always depend on others. You should learn to rely on yourself.
课文
第一句：Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea.
使用名词代替动词，方便修饰，适合书面语：
discover => make a discovery (of …)
make an interesting discovery (of …)
如：use => make use of …
make the best use of …
He made the best use of his talent.
describe
make a vivid description of … 生动的描述
investigate
make a thorough investigation of … 彻底地调查
summarize (vt.)
make a comprehensive summary of … 全面地总结
analyze
make a detailed analysis of …
这一句使用被动，而不是 archaeologists made an interesting discovery，旨在突出文中重点 discovery。又如：
(32课) A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship’s captain instructing him to give up the search.
the Aegean island of Kea
the city of Beijing
(本课) the promontory o fAyia Irini
(16课) the tiny village of Perachora
(42课) the famous monastery of St. Bernard
of 引出名字。但是题名不应用于这个规律：
the novel of Three Kingdoms. X
the novel entitled Three Kingdoms. ✓
the movie entitled Da Vinci Code
the man named / called Vincent
第二句：An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.
stand
(18课) Strange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops.
sit
The house sits on top of a hill overlooking the town.
lie
(8课) The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the 11th century, lies about a mile away.
被动形式的断语有：
be located
be situated
be sited
注意，locate英音和美音的区别，英音重音在后，美音在前。
比较：
promontory (headland): a long narrow area of high land that sticks out into the sea. 海角，山突出到海里面的一小块。
cape: a very large piece of land sticking out into the sea. 较大的、地图上的海角。
第三句：The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
at one time = once
改写成名词：The city at one time must have seen / known prosperity.
enjoy good health
enjoy a hihgh standard of living
The garments are magnificent and tasteful and have long enjoyed great fame both at home and abroad.
be blessed with … 幸运地拥有（好的东西）
They were blessed with two children, a boy and a girl.
be endowed with …
She is endowed with both brains and beauty.
brain 复数形式表示 intelligence.
… , that they are endowed by the Creator with certain unalienable rights, … (独立宣言)
boast
There is a lot of beautiful scenery in China.
China boasts a lot of beautiful scenery.
第五句：They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls.
with …
a gril with blue eyes
a mug with a broken handle
decorated walls
a vastly improved method 一个很大改善的方法
a much acclaimed novel 一部备受赞誉的小说
第六句：The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.
equip A with B
be equipped with …
equipment (不可数)
The classrooms are equipped with modern multimedia teaching equipment.
a great many (of) …
a great number of …
a great amount / deal of
beneath / underneath 在下面但是紧贴着 ~> on 紧接着上访
under ~> over
below ~> above （海平面等）以下、以上，非正上下方
第七句：The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the 15th century B.C. until Roman times.
be used as … 被当作…用
The wooden box is used as a seat.
act / serve / function as
The wooden box acts / serves / functions as a seat.
(25课) She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past.
B.C. (BC): Before Christ（基督）
A.D. (AD): Anno Domini （拉）公元
in modern / recent / ancient / prehistoric times 在当代 / 近代 / 古代 / 史前时代
in times of … 在 … 时期
in times of peace / war
(14课) In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawk-wood and his men would march into a citystate …
age 时期
the Ice Age《冰川时代》
the Stone age
the modern age
the computer age
era
the steam-engine era
mark the end of an era 标志一个时代的结束
His death marked the end of an era.
mark the beginning of a new era 标志一个新时代的开始
(25课) It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.
The foundation of the People’s Republic of China marked the beginning of a new era.
第八句：In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of 15 statues were found.
statue /'stætʃu/（美）
常见音变举例：
t + j =tʃ
don’t you won’t you last year situation
d + j = dʒ
did you would you graduate credulous
s + j = ʃ
this year Bless you I promise you
z + j = ʒ
May I use your book? How’s your father?
第九句：Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.
代表
represent
stand for
Honey, this gold ring stands for / represents my love for you.
on behalf of sb. / on one’s behalf
On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.
Unfortunately; George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this award on his behalf.
第十句：The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the 15th century B.C.
date from …
date back to …
can be traced back to …
造句：丝绸之路的繁荣可以追溯到遥远的汉朝。
The prosperity of the Silk Road dates from / dates back to / can be traced back to the distant Han Dynasty.
第十一句：Its missing head happened to be among remains of the 5th century B.C.
happen to do 碰巧
it happen that …
We happened to take the same train.
It happened that we took the same train.
也可以用 chance.
chance to do
it chance that …
by chance by accident accidentally
We took the same train by chance / by accident / accidentally.
as it happen 碰巧
As it happened, we took the same train.
听力：
W: I don’t imagine you would have time to help me with this.
M: As it happens, I would.
as luck would have it 碰巧（没有时态）
As luck would have it, we took the same train.
sth. happen to sb. … 凑巧发生在 … 身上
A car accident happened to him.
第十二句：This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.
Classical times 也是古罗马时代 的一种说法
preserve 保证东西在好的状态
preserve one’s eyesight / food
conserve 保证东西的数量
conserve wildlife / resources
reserve 保留，为了未来使用
Reserve your energy for the climb tomorrow.
I reserve the right to disagree.
reserve a table for 2. 预订一个二人桌
第十四句：When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
surprise 惊讶
astonish 惊讶（不大可能发生的事）
(2-46课) He was astonished at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woolen goods.
amaze 惊讶，百思不得其解
astound 使惊呆
(19课) The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done.
turn out to be 原来是（出乎意料）
prove (to be)
Eric’s girlfriend turned out to be his half-sister.
modern-looking woman
(34课) an interesting-looking carved dagger 一把有趣的雕花匕首
形容词 + doing => 复合形容词
hard-working
easy-going
第十五句：She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
stand 这里作系动词
The tower stands 15 meters (high).
weigh
The boy weighs 50 kilos.
measure
The carpet（地毯） measures 5 meters long.
rag 是小块的地毯，carpet 是铺满的地毯
3 meters across 3米宽
第十七句：Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
尽管（prep.）despite in spite of notwithstanding
连词：though although even though while
in spite of the fact that …
despite the fact that …
= although
(52课) Despite the fact that the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green, an observant visitor would soon notice that it is filled with what looks like a thick, grayish substance.
如何写出引人入胜的叙事类文章？
制造悬念(有趣发现)——层层深入,迫近主题(古城一庙宇一殿堂一神像)——揭示诙底,故事高潮(身首异处,摩登女郎)——尾声,意犹未尽(身份未知)
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