Silicon valley
Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now workstations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh. As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures. Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office–spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U. S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast. ‘We’ve got more garages with smart people,’ Mead observes.‘We really thrive on anarchy.
And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California’s colleges. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge tighter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets. For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan’s near lock on the memorychip market. India-born N. Damodar Reddy’s tiny California company reopened an AT&T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri. Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.
单词
integrated a. 各部分完美组合在一起的， 综合的
adj. with various parts fitting well together
an integrated public transport system
integrated circuit
integrate A with B 把 A 和 B 组合到一起
integrate theory with practice
penalize v. 处罚, 惩罚
v. to officially punish someone, usually implies a monetary penalty or the forfeiture of a privilege for breaking a rule or law.
People who drive when they are drunk should be heavily penalized.
penalize sb. for sth.
A referee may penalize players for wasting time.
penalty n. 惩罚
death penalty 死刑, capital punishment
fine fine sb. (money) for sth. 罚款
He was fined $300 for reckless driving.
sentence be sentenced to … 判决
He was sentenced to 10 years in prison / life imprisonment / death.
discipline v. 处罚（机构处罚员工）n. 纪律;训练;学科
The worker Was disciplined for insubordination.
customize v. 定制化，个性化
a customized car
-ize
civilize
generalize
localize
pulverize 磨成粉
spawn v. （鱼或青蛙）产卵；引起，引发
v. to make a series of things happen or start to exist.
New technology has spawned new business opportunities.
breed （动物的）繁殖
Unemployment breeds social unrest. 失业率可能导致动荡。
give birth to … 人或动物的生产；产生
Marx’s ideas gave birth to communism.
propagate 植物繁衍
Such lies are propagated in the media.
thrive v. 植物茁壮成长；兴旺，繁荣
This type of plant thrives in tropics.
thrive = prosper
a thriving / prosperous industry.
A business cannot without thriving / prosperous investment.
anarchy n. 无政府状态；混乱
In the absence of their teacher, the class was in a state of anarchy. 老师不在的时候，班上处于混乱状态。
arch(y) = rule 统治，an- 反。
monarch 国王；君主 monarchy 君主制；君主政体
Britain is a monarchy.
patriarchy, matriarchy 父系社会；母系社会
oriental a.东方的；n.东方人
表示 “东方人” 带有贬义。
the Orient 东方国家
occidental 西方的；西方人
the Occident 西方国家
constitute v.组成，形成，构成
Twelve months constitute a year.
The rise in crime constitutes / poses a threat/menace to society.
constitution 宪法 constitutional 宪法的
constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制
drove n. 一群牲畜；移动的人群
a drove of horses / cattle …
in droves
Tourists come in droves to see the Imperial Palace.
innovator n. 革新者，创新者
innovate innovate in techniques
Innovation
“nov” = new
novel a novel idea
novelty
The car was a novelty in 1900.
novice 新手；初学者
renovate 翻新 renovation
The Imperial Palace is under renovation.
forge v.打铁，锻造；建立联系；伪造
forge a sword
forge a relationship / an alliance / a link with …
The United States forged an alliance with France in 1776.
a forged passport 一份伪造的护照
forgery
The painting is a forgery. 这幅画是赝品。
课文
Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future.
第二句：Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now workstations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.
note v.
- notice or pay attention to sth.
Note how she is holding her racket.
- mention sth. because it is important or interesting.
注意熟词僻义，如 observe 观察；评论说，发表看法
He observed that it would probably rain.
workstation n. a desk for one person to work at, usually with a computer o computer terminal
newsletter n. a printed report sent regularly to a particular group of people
the way + 从句作方式状语
The steak is cooked the way I like it.
The steak is cooked in the way I like it.
The steak is cooked as I like it.
much ad. nearly; about; approximately.
The patient’s situation is much the same.
造句：因特网技术可以使你能够在家中购物，这与你在普通商店买东西差不多。
Internet technology enables you to make purchases at home, much the way you do in regular shops.
As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.
下降 drop / fall / decrease (to … | by …)
暴跌 plummet / plunge / nosedive / take a nosedive (to … | by …)
plummet 作名词意思是铅垂。 nosedive （飞机的）俯冲；
上升 rise / go up / increase / climb / escalate (to … | by …)
House prices have escalated to a worrying level. 房价已经上升到令人担忧的程度。
Gold prices soared / rocketed to their hightest level since 1983.
TODO
第四句：Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office–spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast.
‘We’ve got more garages with smart people,’ Mead observes.‘We really thrive on anarchy.
And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California’s colleges. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge tighter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets. For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan’s near lock on the memorychip market. India-born N. Damodar Reddy’s tiny California company reopened an AT&T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri. Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.
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新东方《新概念英语（第四册）》（李延隆老师）课程来源于 YouTube.
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